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Astronauts Train for Using the Bathroom in Space by Gordon Eskridge (Apr 2009)
In order to fulfill the law of NASA that read “We will tell the people
of the world what NASA is doing,” Aerospace Educators are contracted to NASA
to help NASA spread the educational benefits learned from living and working in
space. One of the more fun things we got to do was to go behind the scenes and
talk to the astronauts and their trainers about how they train for living in
space. The four educators that worked at the Johnson Space Center met at the
Astronauts office building where we met Bill who trains the Astronauts to use
the space bathroom on the Space Shuttle. In the training building there are
a number of mockups used for teaching the astronauts how to do many things for
living in space. Today, we went to the main floor of the building and through a
temporary wall made up of metal poles and heavy blue curtains. Inside this space
was a two-story mockup of the front of the Space Shuttle. Just outside the
mockup was classroom space that had three long tables with pieces of the space
commode spread out on them. This was where the student astronauts learned how to
take apart, repair, and put back together the commode electrically and
mechanically. There were repair manuals with technical terms, electronics
schematics, and parts assembly pictures. We learned that if the basic
repairs that the students can do will not fix the commode there is an emergency
backup system that came from the Apollo days. This basic backup system includes
a plastic bag that when you open the top has two paper strips that cover
adhesive flaps. When the paper strips are removed and put inside the bag, you
apply the bag to your backside. After using the bag, you tie off the top and
fill out the little yellow tag giving your name date and time of use. These bags
are brought back to the NASA lab to see how well you digested your food in
space. Urine was collected from a condom through a tube to a bag tied to the leg
of the astronaut. The tag was filled out for return to the lab. We climbed into the mid-deck of
the mock-up where most of the living in space happens. The bunk beds, storage
cabinets, bathroom and hand wash unit are located in a space about nine feet by
twelve feet. This space is also the living room, kitchen, dining room, bedroom,
and bathroom combined. In this small space, five to seven people spend most of
their time in the shuttle. When the bathroom door is open there are two folding
privacy curtains - one overhead and the other closes off the space from the main
room. This area becomes the bathing area. Sponge baths are the most common form
of bathing. A wet towel is applied to the body, followed by a soapy one and then
another wet towel, followed up by vacuuming the water off any wet surface.
Washing your hair is accomplished by using a special dry shampoo that is combed
in and vacuumed clean. Brushing your teeth is accomplished by using Nasadent, a
toothpaste invented for NASA. You rinse your mouth then apply the toothpaste to
your brush, brush your teeth as usual, then rinse with more water, and then
swallow the mixture. It cleans your teeth and refreshes your breath at the same
time. Everything used in space is
color-coded from your toothbrush to your silverware. The walls of the bathroom
are covered with washcloth and towel holders that are color-coded. The floor has
several foot restraints to allow you to maintain your upright position while
bathing. The commode has several unusual
parts to it. First, are the foot restraints that help keep you from floating
away from the commode. Secondly, now with the door closed you use the two
mirrors. One mirror is on the back of the door and the other is behind you that
helps you line up your body to the opening which is only four inches in diameter
so you must be very accurate when you sit down. The technical terms for these
mirrors are rear view mirror number one and rear view mirror number two. You
then place one hand on each cheek and separate them carefully. When you sit down
there are two thigh restraint handles which you pull up from the side of the
commode; then twist to move over your thighs and then you push them down to hold
you on the commode. You then turn on the commode which starts up the spinning
blade called the slinger in the bottom of the commode which sounds like jet
engine and forms a vacuum to draw the material from you and sling it against the
walls which are filled with small holes to allow the liquids to be separated
from the solids.
Urine is collected by using the urine collection tube. It has two
different collecting fittings - a color-coded condom shape for the men and a
triangular form-fitting cup for the women. Again the liquid is pulled by a
vacuum into the separator that divides the liquids from the gases. Once you have
finished using the commode you turn off the slinger and twist the knob to level
two which seals the commode and opens a vent to outer space which freeze dries
the leftover materials. You then turn the lever to position three that seals the
commode opening from space and opens an opening at the top and bottom of the
commode. You then take the little plastic yellow shovel and scrape down the
inside walls of the commode depositing the freeze dried materials into the
holding tank to be returned to earth. With a few more basic instructions you too can use the bathroom in space. |
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